Installing server roles with batch file Essay

When you use this mode, it displays all the roles and features that the server can support. All the entries have a box next to them. A check mark in this box shows that you installed the role or feature on the system. When you supply the name of an XML file, this mode also places the information in the named file for you. The ServerManagerCmd always logs the results of the –query mode. You use the –logPath command line argument to specify a different location for this log. Of course, there’s one final issue to consider about the ServerManagerCmd utility — the format of the answer.xml file. Microsoft strove to keep the format of this file very simple. All you really need to provide is a list of what you want to install or remove. For example, if you want to install the Web Server role, you create an answer.xml file with the following content: Even though the < ServerManagerConfiguration> element appears on multiple lines in this book, it should appear on a single line in your file. The Action attribute tells ServerManagerCmd which task to perform. You can specify Install or Remove as the actions. The < Role> element tells ServerManagerCmd that you want it to install a new role with an ID value of Web-Server. Notice that you must enclose the ID value in double quotes. Use the < RoleService> element to install role services and the < Feature> element to install features. References Techno, C. (2014, Janruary). Retrieved from Computer Techos: http://computertechnos.blogspot.com/2009/09/window-server-2008-using.html

Impact of Organized Retailing on Unorganized Retailing in India

Retailing is playing a major part in Indian business emergence. There are many modern business systems taking place in Indian market because of Globalization. But retailing is the foremost part of them which is predicted to have a better growth. When it was said retailing, organized and unorganized retailing will come in to picture to debate. Unorganized retailing is the tradition of India and organized retailing was on track from early 90’s. In this context organized retailing is successively grown in recent years. Concerns are raised by many unorganized retailers that emergence of organized retailing is showing an adverse affect on unorganized retail. The book â€Å"Impact of Organized Retailing on Unorganized Sector† discussed about the existence of adverse affect of organized retailing on unorganized sector. This book also enlightened if there exist an adverse affect, how much does organized retailing is affecting unorganized sector. OVERVIEW: This book from ICRIER discussed many considerations to bring the real impact of organized retailing on unorganized retailing. The authors while analyzing considered many factors like â€Å"Effect on employment that how organized retailing is enhancing the job opportunities and the growth prospectus. This book also gave an idea about Impact on Consumers by bringing in to picture in relation to savings when shopped in organized outlets. The authors of this book even discussed many factors out of which primarily aimed at revenues to the government from both organized and unorganized retailers. Results from consumer surveys are made to understand their savings while shopped in organized outlets and which social class of people is saving more from these outlets. Conclusion made by the authors included all the particulars mentioned above. CORE GOALS: The Core purpose of the book is to explore the positive effects of the organized retailing by studying the retail market in India. This book also aimed to answer the opposing views on organized retailing to unorganized sector. Authors designed the book in measuring the prices impact on consumer and taxation revenue to the government and overall impact on economical growth of retailing in India. The book core goal by analyzing all these factors is to understand the effect on smaller retailers in the unorganized sector by organized sector. The authors tried to give details of increase in turn over in unorganized retailing after organized retailers stepped in to the Indian retail market. The other goal is to understand and portrait the unorganized retail outlet formats and how the change in services offered by the traditional retailers to compete with organized sector. The authors also illustrated the response by the unorganized retailers to organized sector to compete. SUPPORT AND DATA: Many surveys are conducted nationally to understand the employment impact of unorganized retailers. It was understood that unorganized outlets hire family members in average of 1. 5 persons per store. Where they employ hired labor in an average of 1. 1 per outlet (ICRIER report 2008). Interestingly there is a subsidiary improvement in overall employment in these sampled outlets over the existence of organized outlets near by. How ever there has been a general increase in employment in unorganized retail field after the existence of organized retailers which averaged at 21months. Over all we can identify the employment growth in the traditional retail outlets in India increased by 2. 2 times than earlier (ICRIER Retail by Mathew J, Sanghamitra S, pg83). As it was known organized retailing allowed better employment it also in some way pushed the growth of employment in unorganized sector. This book also showed that there exists a relationship between period of existence of organized outlets and employment effect. It says, if there exist an adverse effect, it carries off with time. Interestingly from the country wide sample it was shown that south and east part of India has observed an increase in employment (ICRIER report, table 5. 4 and chart 5. 1c, pg84). It is to understand after an average period of 21months there is no adverse effect on unorganized sector and they evenly initiated competing with organized outlets. Impact of turnover of unorganized retailing was keenly observed by the authors. Result with national sample of unorganized outlets turnover. It was understood that there exist a depression of annual turnover in unorganized sector at initial tages. Though there is a downfall in annual turnover, steady increase in the turnover and profit too is observed after an average 21months existence of organized retailers (Table 4. 2a, pg84). According to the survey table 4. 3a, unorganized retailers have indicated a number of steps taken in response to competition from organized retail, such as adding new product lines and brands, better display, renovation of the store, introduction of self service, enhanced home delivery, more credit sales, acceptance of credit cards, etc. This allowed consumers to consume better service from unorganized outlets. The authors also identified that currently 22% of unorganized retailers installed technological facilities to provide better service and to speedup the competition from organized retailers. Boost in exports and advantages to the urban producers in terms of superior price, strong processing of supply chain by the organized retailers brought new technologies and reduce in consumer price. The book even investigated the preference of consumers for organized and unorganized outlets. Authors sampled a nationwide data and found that 43% to 46% of organized customers declared that they are spending 30% of their spending on food and grocery in organized outlets. Shoppers at unorganized outlets preferred 61% of their spending in traditional outlets. Authors highlighted a very important fact organized retailers are bringing revenue to the government by paying huge taxes and where unorganized retailers don’t pay any taxes. IMPLICATIONS: Of all the observations the authors suggested, Simplification of the licensing and permit system for organized retail and move towards a nationwide uniform licensing system in the states to facilitate modern retail. Encourage co-operatives and links of unorganized retailers for direct procurement from suppliers and farmers. The book also suggested ensuring better credit availability to unorganized retailers from banks and micro-credit institutions through innovative banking solutions. To assist the formation of co-operative retailing of traditional stores, which in turn can undertake direct procurement of products from manufacturers and farmers. They also suggested by eliminating intermediaries, unorganized retail stores can obtain their supplies at lower prices, while farmers get better prices for their produce. CONCLUSION: Up on analyzing and observing the facts it was concluded that unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in their volume of business and profit in the initial years after the entry of large organized retailers. The adverse impact of sales and profit on unorganized sector weakens over time. There were no facts of a decline in overall employment in the unorganized sector as a consequence of the entry of organized retailers. It was identified and concluded that there is a competitive response from traditional retailers through improved business practices and adopting advanced technologies as organized retailers. With the entry of organized retailers it was observed that overall spending of consumers is increased. It was said that consumers are definitely benefited from organized retailers in multiple benefits. Through the surveys made by ICRIER it was concluded that while all income groups saved through organized retail outlets, lower income groups are the one who benefited. Thus at the end it was concluded that organized retail is relatively more beneficial to the less wealthy consumers.

American Government - Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Government - - Research Paper Example The U.S. subsequent involvement in Afghanistan may go down as one of the most controversial policy decisions in American history (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir). Indeed, there are a number of complex questions involved when determining the moral and political justifications behind the policy in Afghanistan. This essay functions to considers the United States policy in Afghanistan in relation to factors and issues affecting the topic, the current status of the topic, and future concerns of the policy. One of the main justifications of the United States involvement in Afghanistan is the belief that Al Qaeda’s attack on the United States violated the "just war" theory. The just war theory explains that only government led groups can lead an attack, but they must do so for a just cause. It’s been said that Al Qaeda broke the just war theory because they attacked civilians with no cause. Furthermore, the attack on the Pentagon, one could argue, was a government driven attack. The subsequent war represents the American response to the threat. There is no doubt that the American response had its economic and strategic interests, but the essential reason for the America’s actions following September 11 many believe is for the defense of freedom (Bennis). Supporters of the war in Afghanistan believe in the progress that can be made in defending freedom and democracy anywhere in the world. Indeed, freedom became after September 11 an all-purpose explanation for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The wars conducted by the United States were justified as a response to the terrorist attacks which aimed the basic liberties of the American society. Freedom was soon perceived as an American good that must be promoted everywhere and the United States was seen as having the moral duty of promoting democracy throughout the world. While it is yet to be seen if the attempted change in the political system of Afghanistan represents progress, supporters of the war beli eve that democracy in the Middle East will eventually lead to progress. Even as the war policy in Afghanistan was initially justified as a means of national security, the United States’ longevity and continued presence many argue has proved to be problematic. While the war policy might have started along well-justified measures, it’s argued that it now carries a toll on the American population (Rashid). Within this spectrum of understanding there are a number of points policy opponents have raised. One important reason that individuals must consider is peoples’ safety here at home. While the War on Terrorism has been sold as fighting the terrorist abroad so they must not be fought at home, this seems a somewhat specious concept. Military recruiting is down. Young people do not want to join the Armed Forces when it is quite clear they could die in Afghanistan. This shortage results in fewer qualified members of the armed forces, and leaves fewer in America to pro tect against terrorism and attack. There have already been reported over 2,600 coalition force member deaths. That includes 2,463 Americans. Almost 18,000 military personnel have been wounded during the war, and thousands of Iraqis and insurgents have also died during the fighting (BBC 2009). This human cost may be the most difficult consequence of the war to bear. Innocent people did die on September 11th and nobody deserves the pain and agony of the terrorist’s terrible actions, but now it’

Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Memo - Assignment Example Though both clearly have reasonable motives, they are not the people we are looking for who would be fit for the job, looking at it in a long-term point of view. I understand that the company would be exerting effort in looking for someone equipped for the position and the training they would have to be exposed to, to get a clear understanding of how our company operates. However, I see bigger risks and costs for the company to absorb employees that are not willing to adapt to the demands of the company, whenever the need for it arises since this could mean lowered performance, weakening of the company’s equity, and lost sales/clients. I hope you consider my decision based on the arguments above which is mainly an initiative to safe keep our company’s reputation and identity. McGhan, Meredith. "The Cost of Hiring the Wrong Employee | Writing Assistance, Inc.." Writing Assistance, Inc. - Technical, Training, Medical and Marketing Writers. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

College should be a equal opportunity for everyone Essay

College should be a equal opportunity for everyone - Essay Example Therefore, it is recommended that individuals are taught about the essence of taking loans. They should also be taught they ways they can be able to apply for loans and qualify easily. They should also understand that student loans are essential for them if they are in need of it especially those that are in need of attaining their degree within four years. It is for this reason that the government should establish ways in which the loans can be given equally and there should be no extra payments for students who are looking for loans independently. The first reason why this should be is due to the fact that the cost of college studies is expensive than it was anticipated some years back. This has been reported in public colleges whereby the tuition fees for the four years have increased with more than 10% above the annual inflation in the United States (Chandler and Michael 23). The same applies to the private colleges and the students who opt for two years studies. Secondly, it has been realized that a majority of parents do not have enough funds to take their children to colleges since the economic situation does not permit them. From the survey conducted in a majority of American homes in august 2012, there has been a reduction in the number of parents who can fund the college studies for their children. The numbers of parents who are also able to cover half of the college fees have decreased. In the same survey, the number of parents who could afford the amount needed for books and tuition was less than 30 percent (Chandle r and Michael 25). This shows that majority of parents need their children to able to access these funds. The other reason is applicable to the students themselves who imply that college life has turned out to be expensive. The people who find it easy to live in colleges are those who commute from their parents houses. The amount of money spent in colleges has been

Evaluating international business communications situations Essay - 8

Evaluating international business communications situations - Essay Example Since culture is a social construct, communication patterns differ from culture to culture and so does the way in which business is conducted (Bannon and Mattock 2003, p. 5). Communication across cultures plays a pivotal role when considering dealing with individuals outside of one’s home country (Hooker 2012). In business, particularly when going through the negotiation process and endeavoring to establish successful international operations, businesses carefully consider the cultural differences and try to adopt a communication strategy that will not hurt their chances of doing business (Gibson 2002, p. 1; Hendon, Hendon and Herbig 1996). Multi-national corporations, international joint ventures, and cross-country acquisitions are some business partnerships that involve cross-cultural interactions and hence an understanding of the different cultural communication patterns and discourses. What is acceptable in one culture may not be acceptable or appropriate in another. Succe ssful interactions are those that involve a good knowledge of the cultural differences and global etiquette (Martin and Chaney 2012, p. ix). Geert Hofstede has conducted a large number of researches based on cultural aspects of communication. His theory on cultural dimensions explains the various bipolar variables or aspects of a particular culture that impacts cross-cultural communication, including power distance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, uncertainty avoidance, pragmatism versus normativeness, and indulgence versus restraint (The Hofstede Centre 2014; Hofstede 1993, p. 89-90). Asian cultures, and particularly the South Asian and Chinese cultures are essentially collectivist, which means that they possess a sense of group affiliation and association rather than their individualist counterparts who have a greater sense of being an autonomous entity. Also, the differentiation between low-context

Social Media Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Media Marketing - Essay Example Its presence on Facebook has meant that the Facebook users can put a â€Å"like† on the fan page and comment on different products offered by Fantasia Hookah Tobacco. What is more important, the community members can interact with each other via social networking (Veer, 2011). It is important to understand the psychographics and demographics of the people who like this page and want to be a part of what Fantasia Hookah Tobacco has to offer to them through the Internet. The professional enhancement of Fantasia Hookah Tobacco would be measured by the people who join it on Facebook and the way it is able to offer them a range of possibilities through Facebook. In my opinion, it is crucial to touch upon quite a few pointers as they remain domineering as far as the delivery of social media marketing realms is concerned. One of my goals is to realize the way Fantasia Hookah Tobacco is able to transgress boundaries and reach out to people who are taken as the most appropriate ones when it comes to the Facebook platform. However, this requires extra surveillance and caution on the part of my research as it is important to be sure that wastage does not come about and that there are immense areas where growth and development of Fantasia Hookah Tobacco occur (James, 2011). College students must get attracted by the Facebook platform and if they do not like this page and seem disinterested in visiting the webpage, it will mean wastage. Fantasia Hookah Tobacco looks up to the marketing that is being done on the Facebook platform as, in my opinion, it can entice the young ones into something that is cool and trendy, as well as warrant their attention in due course of time. I would receive instant feedback from them as far as the tobacco products are concerned and employ this feedback to good effect, which should eventually boost the business in the long run (Wunker, 2012). This will make things running in proper order for Fantasia

United Nations and International Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United Nations and International Peace - Essay Example International peace is a prerequisite to any country's progress and prosperity that determines the country's development both in terms of social and economic aspects. For decades, terrorism has been a nightmare for countries, which will collapse the economic and social set up of a country and hurdle its economic growth and development. At this juncture, the present essay is relevant as it deals with the role of United Nation's role in preserving and encouraging peace among the member countries. The essay further examines the role of the UN in monitoring and maintaining peace across the world as an international agency in the context of its powers. The essay takes a critical approach to the success and failure of UN in international peace with real examples such as Rwanda, Iraq and Kosovo. The essay is concluded with a short debate on the present role and significance of the UN to contribute to international peace. United Nations came into existence on 24 October in 1945by virtue of the Charter ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. "The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter" (Introductory Note). The day October 24 is celebrated each year all over the world as UN Day. The basic idea behind setting up of such an organization is to work for peace and development by bringing all countries together in harmony. According to the Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a centre for harmonizing the a ctions of nations (Article 1). As regards the membership is concerned, the Charter states that "membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations" (Article 4). The top most official of the UN is the Secretary General and Ban Ki-moon of the Republic of Korea, the eighth Secretary-General, holds the position at present. The operations of the UN are regulated by different departments. A brief account of the structure of UN in general is outlined below: The General Assembly The Security Council The Economic and Social Council The Trusteeship Council The International Court of Justice The Secretariat The UN System The Role and Powers of UN in International Peace One of the main areas of concern of the UN is the preservation of world peace. International peace and harmony have been in the agenda f the UN since its inception. By signing the Charter, member states/countries undertake to take efforts to avoid crisis situations between countries and tackling of disputes by peaceful means. Since it inception, the UN has been playing a major role in helping defuse and eliminate international crisis and in resolving protracted conflicts. In its efforts to harmonize the member countries, the UN has experienced both successful and disappointing outcomes. Over the years UN efforts

New Media Technologies And News Production Essay

New Media Technologies And News Production - Essay Example On the other hand, families saw the need of sitting and watching the television after a day’s work rather than reading newspapers to acquire information. Additionally, the advancement in to the World Wide Web era gave birth to personalized consumption of information since it a was faster and more detailed way of news reporting. News production and the internet Moreover, the information transmission through the internet led to great cultural diversifications in the way of consuming news. The internet is a platform of free culture in that the information provided costs less or is free. Sequentially, the newspapers in the developed nations are unable to compete with the internet in terms of revenue accumulation. Undoubtedly, journalists who find themselves on the receiving end of losing their jobs because of the financial strain in the world today have implemented the use of blogging sites on the internet (Schubert, 2011:5). These blogging sites provide an avenue for the airing o f their views through cheap and reliable means (Stuart 2003:36). They do not find themselves answerable to any one except authorities of their lands of origin. Therefore, the internet has offered a way of bridging the professional gap from that of being unemployed to that of independence for practicing journalists across the globe. On the contrary, citizens have also had their fair contribution in reporting, as the internet offers a platform for posting photographs and amateur video footage on happening events. This is what citizen journalism entails (Greer & McLaughlin, 2010:1045).Once these pictures find their way to the internet, they give room for research where the researching on more facts surrounding the developing story may get to the public domain... This essay stresses that the media has a way of portraying protests and demonstrations by the public in a violent and the non-attractive way. Usually, they portray the demonstrators as those who have high traits of anarchy. This depicts the influence of the media in explaining the actual state happening events. However, governments have emphasized the need for positive reporting rather than negative reporting through the showing of disturbing images. Ideally, negative reporting may affect a country’s economy in that it may bring down a country’s attractiveness to potential investors. Modern day media forms should act as public relations features rather than weapons of ruining public image. Therefore, the media has a role to play in restoring public trust in institutions like the police force that have had the repute of violence and brutality to the public. This paper makes a conclusion that The transformed media has a critical place in the present society because many use it as a matter of the need to feel informed. In this regard, responsible journalism should be the foundation for any coverage of information intending to reach the public domain. Ideally, the media is a tremendously powerful tool that which can influence the society either negatively or positively. Subsequently, the transformed media should ensure that it is impartial and steers the society towards the right direction. Finally, the transformed media forms have defined the standards of living for many of the urban citizens since the reception and production of news is immense quality and class.

Perceived risk & gambling Essay Example for Free

Perceived risk gambling Essay As of 2008, there were more than 2,000 internet gambling sites worldwide; with combined revenue of these websites being estimated to be north of $18 billion (Overview of Gambling Regulations, 2008). Due to its obscene rate of growth, potential harm to its consumers and growing ease of accessibility, internet gambling is viewed by many as a major cause for concern. Don’t expect the apprehension towards online gambling to ease up any time soon. Casinos, of both the online and brick-and-mortar variety are expected to aggressively increase their marketing budget over the next half decade. With online gambling recently legalized in Nevada, and many states preparing to follow suit, Simon Holliday, director at H2 Gambling Capital predicts that nearly $4 billion could be spent by the internet gaming sector over the next five years (Jackpot! , 2012). The Gambling Act of 2005 was introduced to modernize gambling regulations. The act brought increased marketing freedom for gambling companies, but only along with responsibility regarding the advocacy of the potential dangers of addiction. It also required the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy and the anticipated goal was to introduce, acknowledge and bring to light to substantial harm which can stem from problematic gambling. According to the Gambling Act of 2005, in order for a company to obtain their license and legally operate in the marketplace they had to ensure that: i. Gambling is conducted in a fair and open way; ii. Children and other vulnerable people are protected from being harmed or exploited by gambling; and iii. Assistance is made available to people who are, or may be, affected by problems related to gambling. (GamCare: gambling research, education treatment) With the changing landscape in the industry, it is fair to question whether these regulations are still relevant, and more even importantly, whether companies are still operating within the bounds of the Gambling Act of 2005. Technological advances have led to online websites readily available around the clock, potentially made gambling available to minors (via online casinos, online sports betting) and lost control of potential hazards concerning online users, those being: sobriety (users drunk/high while on a online gaming site); awareness (many ads online promoting gambling, very few raising awareness); and whom is using the sites (minors, youth, seniors, or problematic/addictive users). All of this unsurprisingly raises concerns regarding whether the current regulations are equipped to handle both current and future gambling disputes. Gambling consumption has no doubt increased over the past decade, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future as regulations are expected to loosen while the marketing budget of online casinos are expected to abruptly expand (Jackpot! , 2012). The bulk of the marketing expenditures will be geared towards youth via interactive media sources; interactive online ad-agencies figure to be the main beneficiary. Though casinos will continue marketing to those who frequent physically existing casinos (a crowd mainly over 50) via television, magazine and billboard advertisements, the majority of the expanded marketing budget figures to be aimed at online users – the vast majority of which are in their 20’s (Jackpot, 2012). There seems to be an array of ethical concerns tied into all of this – whether children and â€Å"other vulnerable people† are still protected from potential harm, how readily available is assistance to those who are affected and is it being outweighed by the onslaught on pro-gambling marketing, concerns regarding online gambling (sobriety, minors, problem identification), and ultimately whether the advocacy is still a priority. A widespread fact in the gambling industry is that 20% of the gambling population accounts for 80% of the gambling industry’s revenue (Galanda, 2007), essentially implying that when evaluating the entire gambling population, 20% are pouring a considerable amount of money into the industry and could potentially be labelled as problematic gamblers. With casinos paying more money and attention to marketing, and marketing research, they are able to identify the age, demographics, frequency and income of their market. Via frequent gambler cards, visas and other channels (surveys for points/credits, casino identification/reloadable slot cards), casinos are able to pick and choose who they zero their marketing efforts in on, whether that be seniors, twenty-somethings or potentially the 20% we earlier identified as problematic gamblers. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was incorporated into the Gambling Act (2005) as a means of regulatory control and functions as a built-in, self-regulating instrument intended to designate ethical standards to which companies must adhere to. Gambling companies possessing information about their customers, and using this information to formulate a marketing strategy and plan, raises ethical concerns and seeds the question of whether this type of behaviour corresponds to the regulations and ethical policies within CSR. Three main differences between gambling now and nearly a decade ago when the Gambling Act was introduced are: (1) distribution channels have increased accessibility to gambling and exposure to gambling promotion; (2) the technological innovation developed by online casinos is tremendously exceeding government control efforts; and (3) gambling has simply become an international phenomenon – the gambling population is aggressively expanding (Social Marketing Problem Gambling, 2011). Though the effects and consequences of problem gambling are more extreme and common than ever, the reasons described above explain why it is so difficult for government to control the issue, and moreover why the trend is currently liberalizing ideologies rather than attacking the corporations and addressing the underlying issues.

Sustainability Policy of the Chambers Institute

Sustainability Policy of the Chambers Institute The objective of this Policy is to outline the Institutes commitment to incorporate sustainability principles into its major functional areas i.e. teaching, research, operations and community engagement. A sustainable thriving environment on premises and in local communities. To support students, staff, stakeholders, administration to use resources more sustainably and to take practical action on climate change. This Policy applies to all staff members, students and members engaged in institutions activities or activities closely related to the institution and provides a common framework for sustainable practices and activities at Chambers Institute and all major function areas for which this policy is intended for. Chambers Institute aims to: minimize the effect of its operations and move towards reestablishing ecological balance add to human wellbeing and prosperity advance social equity, value and assorted qualities Sustainability also known as sustainable development, is defines as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the worlds poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet present and future needs. (UN Documents, 1987). The Institutes Sustainability Policy is based upon the principles outlined as follows: Participation Communication The Institution involves students, staff and community in decision making process related to sustainability. All sorts of thoughts and expressions are welcome and will be taken under consideration. Integration Long-term economic, social and environmental considerations are integrated into the Institutes strategic decision-making processes to improve Sustainability outcomes. Shared Responsibility All members of the Institution i.e. students, staff and people related to institution shares responsibility for the Instructions Sustainability performance. Global Perspective Chambers Institute makes sure that its activities have an influence beyond the boundaries due to its close ties to the local global communities. Precautionary Principle Lack of understating will not be used to justify postponement of any precautionary measure to prevent any risk of irreversible environmental and social damage. Continuous Improvement The Institutions makes consistent change in Sustainability execution regarding ecological integrity, financial viability, social value and diversity. Leading for Improvement Drive-in, endorse and advance sustainability into learning, teaching, operation and community engagement techniques and exercises. Managing Intrinsic Impacts Reduce consumption of energy, water and consumables, reduce waste to landfill and improve our recycling system, record energy usage and keep track of annual estimate of carbon emissions, recycling of paper, cardboard and printer cartridges, promoting use of tele and video conferencing as a preference to travel and incorporate sustainability measures into relevant business decisions. Managing Operational Impacts Improve energy efficiency and reduce overall energy use, increase use of sustainable transport to and from institution, improve water efficiency in day to day operation and reduce overall water usage, improve environmental and health outcomes. The Vice-Chancellor is responsible for the effective implementation and coordination of this policy with the help of the Administration and other coordinating committee. Vice-Chancellor will direct initiatives to Develop and effectively implement a sustainability strategy. Ensure that the policy and strategy complies with all local national laws and regulations. Make consistent improvement in execution to maximize social good and ecological integrity while minimizing any adverse impact. Promote and embed principles of sustainability into academic programs, teaching practice. Monitor and evaluate performance on regular basis to keep a check on how well we are doing and if there is any scope of improvement. Make sure all members including students, staff, independent contractors and people related to the intuition complies with the policy outlined. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 An Act to provide for the reporting and dissemination of information related to greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas projects, energy production and energy consumption, and for other purposes. (Australian Government, 2007) Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act) is the Australian Governments central piece of environmental legislation. It provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places defined in the EPBC Act as matters of national environmental significance. (Australian Government, 1999) Sustainability Victoria Act 2005 Sustainability Victoria is a Victorian government statutory authority delivering programs on integrated waste management and resource efficiency. Established under the Sustainability Victoria Act 2005, SVs board is appointed by the Minister for Energy, Environment and Climate Change. (www.legislation.vic.gov.au, 2005) National Construction Code The NCC is an initiative of the Council of Australian Governments developed to incorporate all on-site building and plumbing requirements into a single code. The NCC sets the minimum requirements for the design, construction and performance of buildings throughout Australia. (Australian Building Codes Board, n.d.) References   Australian Building Codes Board. (n.d.). NCC Suite. Retrieved from Australian Building Codes Board: http://www.abcb.gov.au/Resources/NCC Australian Government. (1999). Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Retrieved from Federal Register of Legislation: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A00485 Australian Government. (2007). National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007. Retrieved from Fedral Register of Legislation: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2007A00175 UN Documents. (1987). Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.un-documents.net: http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf www.legislation.vic.gov.au. (2005). Sustainability Victoria Act 2005 . Retrieved from Victorian Legislation and Parliamentary Documents: http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/LTObject_Store/LTObjSt4.nsf/DDE300B846EED9C7CA257616000A3571/E5BE74E39849EB1CCA25776100328F4F/$FILE/05-65a003.pdf

Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusets, January 19, 1809. His parents were touring actors, and they both died before Poe was three years old. After their death, Poe was taken in by a wealthy merchant named John Allan in Richmond, Virginia. There he was baptised Edgar Allan Poe. From 1815 to 1820, Poe studied in England. Later, in 1826, he went to the University of Virginia, where he stayed for a year. Poe owed a large gambling debt, but Allan refused to pay it and consequently, prevented Poe's return to the university. Allan also broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster. After leaving the university, Poe enlisted in the army as a means of support. In 1827, Poe had his first book, Tamerlane And Other Poems, published at his own expense. Although he refused to provide financial support, Allan arranged Poe's release from the army, and had him appointed to West Point. Poe was dismissed after only six months for disobeying orders, but his fellow cadets gave Poe the mo ney for his second publication. Poems by Edgar A. Poe --- Second Edition was published in 1831, although in 1829 another edition of Tamerlane and minor poems had been published, actually making it a third edition. In this book were the poems To Helen and Israfel, which later became famous. These two poems show Poe's use of language in a musical way, which makes his poetry stand out from all other. Poe moved in with his aunt and cousin, Maria and Virginia Clemm, in Baltimore. Using fiction as a means of support, five of his stories were published in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier in 1832. In 1833 he won a fifty-dollar prize from the Baltimore Saturday Visitor with his short story M.S. Found In A Bottle. In 1835, Poe, his aunt, and Virginia, moved to Richmond where he married Virginia. She wasn't even fourteen when they married. Poe became editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, and published many criticisms and reviews. He also published his short story, Bernice, which is known as his most horrific work. He earned great respect as a critic and wrote reviews about many of his contemporaries. Although he was extremely critical of most, he praised a few authors, such as Charles Dickens. Poe's work made the publication very popular, but the magazine's owner found his work offensive. Poe also had a drinking problem, which earned him disfavor with his employer. Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusets, January 19, 1809. His parents were touring actors, and they both died before Poe was three years old. After their death, Poe was taken in by a wealthy merchant named John Allan in Richmond, Virginia. There he was baptised Edgar Allan Poe. From 1815 to 1820, Poe studied in England. Later, in 1826, he went to the University of Virginia, where he stayed for a year. Poe owed a large gambling debt, but Allan refused to pay it and consequently, prevented Poe's return to the university. Allan also broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster. After leaving the university, Poe enlisted in the army as a means of support. In 1827, Poe had his first book, Tamerlane And Other Poems, published at his own expense. Although he refused to provide financial support, Allan arranged Poe's release from the army, and had him appointed to West Point. Poe was dismissed after only six months for disobeying orders, but his fellow cadets gave Poe the mo ney for his second publication. Poems by Edgar A. Poe --- Second Edition was published in 1831, although in 1829 another edition of Tamerlane and minor poems had been published, actually making it a third edition. In this book were the poems To Helen and Israfel, which later became famous. These two poems show Poe's use of language in a musical way, which makes his poetry stand out from all other. Poe moved in with his aunt and cousin, Maria and Virginia Clemm, in Baltimore. Using fiction as a means of support, five of his stories were published in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier in 1832. In 1833 he won a fifty-dollar prize from the Baltimore Saturday Visitor with his short story M.S. Found In A Bottle. In 1835, Poe, his aunt, and Virginia, moved to Richmond where he married Virginia. She wasn't even fourteen when they married. Poe became editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, and published many criticisms and reviews. He also published his short story, Bernice, which is known as his most horrific work. He earned great respect as a critic and wrote reviews about many of his contemporaries. Although he was extremely critical of most, he praised a few authors, such as Charles Dickens. Poe's work made the publication very popular, but the magazine's owner found his work offensive. Poe also had a drinking problem, which earned him disfavor with his employer.

Personal Narrative- Random Story About my Life :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Personal Narrative- Random Story About my Life One of them was that I was on my journey with someone. I was on the journey with my boyfriend Dusty whom I have been with for four years. I am more like myself when I am with someone, especially Dusty, than when I am by myself. I do think that spending time with just yourself is a waste of time. You should just be out talking to people because who knows when that dreaded day of death will come. I think that you should just seize the moment and spend time with people. When I am by myself, I am quiet and withdrawn, but when I am with people, I talk up a storm and have a fun time just being me. I donÕt hold things back or try to act like someone IÕm not. Another similarity was when I was talking about the rocks. This is what I said. ÒOh my gosh, we just ran into a huge cave filled with rocks. There are rocks everywhere. It is like a rock country. I can not believe it. There are small rocks, big rocks, pretty rocks, ugly rocks, thin rocks, and fat rocks. It is so amazing. There are rocks on top of the cave that are starting to bother me, they are very big, and they do not look too steady up there. I do not know about those. I tell Dusty and Duke to get away from there because I donÕt want them to get hurt if the rocks were to fall. Duke does not want to listen; he tries to climb up the side of the cave to get a better look at the rocks on top. As he goes up, one of the rocks he is on begins to fall. Duke falls with it and he is not moving. Dusty goes over and shakes him and thank god he is alright.Ó I think that this describes exactly how I deal with problems and how I see problems in my life. I always see them as these am azing ordeals and they often scare me. Then something will happen and I will think that it is going to be the end of the world, and then everything turns out to be just fine in the end. The last thing was when we were all in the garden and this was describing my childhood.

My Most Beneficial Personal Quality

I have taken advantage of the education opportunities presented me thus far to prepare for college in many ways. First and foremost I have ensured that I have enjoyed a wide variety of classes and electives to provide me the opportunity to explore as broad a subject selection as possible. Most of the courses I have focused on in my senior year have been college preparatory. College preparation however is much more than academics alone. I have also experienced many educational opportunities that exist outside the realm of traditional ‘academics'. These experiences have prepared me more so for my college experiences than my preparatory courses. I have for example faced many challenges while growing up. During my four years of high school I engaged in a variety of extracurricular activities and clubs that taught me much more about the ways that people interact and communicate than I ever would have initially assumed. Participating in many volunteer organizations and student achievement groups, I realized that not two people interact in the same way. Most people I learned are products of many different elements including their beliefs, values, morals and faith. One's religious ideals, culture and even familial upbringing can all influence their perceptions on life, their ability and motivation to interact with others and their desire to achieve. With this knowledge I learned new and exciting ways to interact with people, even those that were very different from me and with those that held very different beliefs. In fact in most of my pursuits I found myself drawn to those with conflicting ideals and moralisms, in part because they challenges me to learn more about myself and question the beliefs I held true about the world in which we live. I believe it is through these types of interactions that we actually learn everything there is to know of the world. We need to rely on people that challenge us and our views so we open our eyes and get a better understanding of the world in which we live. I feel these diverse educational experiences while not academic, have prepared me for life in the university more so than any classroom instruction may have or will in the future. I bring to the University of California a unique ability to network and work personally with people. By far my most beneficial personal quality is my ability to build relationships and communicate with a wide diversity of people from varying backgrounds, cultures and environments. In today's society it is vital for anyone to understand the importance of interpersonal skills and relationships both on a personal and from a professional perspective. More and more the world is operating in a global business environment. Modern technology has afforded people the opportunity to communicate from once remote locations. What this means is that people from all over the world with all manner of different morals, values and beliefs are not just communicating with one another but also working together to create a better world. As members of a global society I feel it is vital that we all have the ability to communicate effectively with one another. Sometimes this takes the guidance and direction of a true interpersonal leader. I believe I am possessed of those traits. I have throughout my high school career taken great care to interact with people from various backgrounds and ethnicities. I have participated in multiple groups, clubs and organizations that have enabled better exposure to different people and have helped me learn better ways to communicate with one another. I have also witnessed first hand what happens when communication goes bad, and have since committed myself to facilitating solid communications and interactions between people. I believe this personal trait will benefit the University of California in many ways. The University of California is one of the nations top universities; home to thousands of unique students and home of many of the nations top academic programs. Early on I knew that more than anything I wanted to pursue the best education I could afford. To succeed in today's world business professionals and students must be possessed of a wide range of skills that are best learned in a University environment. I feel that throughout my life I have already faced many unique challenges and obstacles. I was not always a committed student, lacking the insight and motivation necessary to excel in my classes early on. However experience has taught me that little in the world is more valuable than an education. Every day on the news we hear stories of tragedy. Hurricanes that devastate infamous regions, terrorism that destroys the livelihood and communities of varying regions†¦ these are all modern realities we must learn to cope with. To address the often-turbulent environment we live in today, it is vital that we all commit ourselves to one another and our communities. I feel that I can best do this by excelling in my education. Through my university education I hope to learn not only of the fine nuances of other communities, but also about key demographics about the worlds' population and needs entering the upcoming decades.

Personal Responsibility and College Success

College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role Little Johnny walks into a classroom and sits down with the rest of the class. As the bell rings the teacher asks all students to turn in their homework. The teacher notices that Johnny does not turn in anything and asks him â€Å"Where’s your homework? † His response, â€Å"The dog ate it! † In today’s society it is much easier to blame others for your actions instead of taking full responsibility for your own.Handling certain situations in your life, whether it be school, work, or social events requires some type of personal responsibility. Personal responsibility is showing accountability for the obligations that a person has control over. This means that you have to be accountable for your actions in the situations that you are involved in whether they are in your control or not. Being responsible will help to reach your goals in life whe n it comes to your school, career and family. In order in to succeed in college you have to be a responsible student. Love being a student.When people get married they take on the role of being a spouse. With this role comes responsibility. Nurturing the relationship, children to raise, bills to pay, cleaning, and cooking are just some of the responsibilities that married couples have. However, they love the role of the spouse (otherwise they would not have gotten married) and with loving the role they easily take on the responsibilities. As a student, you have to use the same approach. When we love being a student, responsibilities will not seem like dreadful tasks, but will be something we love to do.Not only much you love your new role you have to own it. Steven goes to Carmax and buys a new car. Being the owner of a new car, he has responsibilities of taking care of it. Regular oil changes, inspections, new tires, and rotation are just of the tasks that come along with regular m aintenance. Same as being a student, owing your role will help you succeed in college. Regular reading, attending class, studying for examations is just the regular maintenance that you have to do to be successful. Once you love and own your role of being a student, living the student life comes into play.Mothers have the life of taking care of the children, cleaning, cooking, and running errands. Fathers have the life of going to work and providing for his family. Teachers have the life of teaching their students information, grading papers, and helping students who have fallen behind. Everyone has a life and many have different lives. Being a student you have to live the student life. Doing homework, not staying out late, plan your assignments and projects ahead are all a part of the student life. By incorporating personal responsibility into my education will also help me succeed and eventually help me graduate.Developing an action plan and incorporating it in your life will also help you succeed in college. Time management and planning will be the biggest responsibility. If you have a busy life already and have added school into your life, it would be beneficial to map and plan out your day ahead of time. Your time may be tight but being responsible and sticking to your to-do list will help you get everything done and be prepared for the next day. Also not procrastinating will also help you become a responsible student.Everyone has his or her days where they do not want to do anything and just be lazy. However, this will not help you succeed in where you want to be. Continuing to remind yourself to complete your tasks will help you in getting things done. Finally, another action plan is money management. School is expensive and being responsible for money now and in the future will help. Only borrowing what you need and making planning financially while in school will benefit you in college. Personal responsibility plays a major role in everyone’s l ife.Whether it is school, personal, or work, being responsible will help you accomplish so much out of life. Love, owing, and living the life of a student are tools to help you get a handle on being responsible in school. Planning ahead and time and money management will also help you in college and help you succeed. Plan on being responsible for all you actions in the situations that you have placed yourself in and whatever life may throw in your way. Going back to school was probably a big decision for you and so plan on making the most out of it.

Organizational Behavior and Communication in the Walt Disney Company

This paper focuses on the organizational behavior and communication within the Walt Disney Company. This piece contains a discussion on The Disney Company’s philosophy, mission statement, vision statement and values and its affect on organizational behavior and communication. The Disney Company is an international organization in which communication role plays an important part in the organizations’ perception and organizational culture. The Company supports its values through its actions and communications among and within cast members (employees) as well as the general public. The Walt Disney Company â€Å"started with a mouse† a favorite comment made by Walt himself as he looked back at the humble beginnings of his organization. The Company’s philosophy, mission statement, vision statement and values come directly from The Company’s annual report (2010). The Company’s philosophy is taken directly from Walt Disney himself where â€Å"every child is born with a vivid imagination† which became the foundation for animated sequences of fantasy, visits to the depths of the ocean and dreams of flight into Space. The Company’s mission statement is â€Å"to be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. † The vision statement reads â€Å"The Walt Disney Company is to be the preeminent leader in the field of family entertainment. The Company values are Innovation, quality through high standards of excellence and maintain quality standards for all product categories; Community to create a positive and inclusive idea about families and provide entertainment experiences for all generations to share. Every product will tell a story and will be timeless and engaging to inspire and delight; Optimism which focuses on hope, aspiration and have positive resolutions and Decency where the company honors and respects the trust people place in the Company and provide an atmosphere to create fun and to laugh at experiences and themselves. Communication plays a crucial role in perception and organizational culture within The Disney Company. A significant part of communication lays the question of trust between people receiving information and those giving information. Thomas, Zolin & Hartman, 2009 discussed the capability of trust and communication improving organizational concerns relating to employee participation and job performance. Open communication is a factor relating to interpersonal trust. If employees cannot trust supervisors then employees hesitate to work towards organizational goals. When companies exhibit openness, it promotes the organizations’ commitment to it culture and values (DeRidder, 2004). Being a global company, Disney employs people with diverse backgrounds and nationalities and being unable to communicate and work together can create problems. The Company aligns its communication style with its culture and values through the use of storytelling. Using a method called the â€Å"Grandparents Story†, Murray Nossel teaches employees of global companies how to listen and communicate with each other (O’Connor, 2010). Nossel says the use of storytelling brings people together because everyone has a Grandparent story and key to the method is not the story itself, but people listening (O’Connor). Barker and Gower (2010) recognized storytelling as a person’s ability to establish a common ground and social relationships. By creating a picture through stories, organizations are able to represent personal, interpersonal and corporate perspectives on a social level (Barker and Gower). A noteworthy part of communication is dealing with and resolving conflict. The Disney Company faced significant communication conflicts with Euro Disney (now Disneyland Paris) in France. Instead of listening, assimilating and communicating with the French people and their culture, The Disney Company dictated how the park would be set-up, prices to charge and create another â€Å"America† in France. According to France, everything had to be â€Å"the Disney way† and the French and their culture were pushed aside adding to a hostile environment (Spencer, 1995). The Company should have formed a group with French and American members to work out conflicts because the opinions of the members create discussions establishing an improved detailed method rather than a singular perspective (Jehn and Mannix, 2001). To improve communication with and among groups, The Company should follow the methods of recently acquired Pixar Company. The people at Pixar have the freedom to communicate with anyone in a â€Å"safe† environment to offer ideas and criticism with explanations from anyone at any level in the organization. The leadership at Pixar explains that creativity is behind the company’s success and having an open communication format is the basis of the company culture (Catmull, 2008). Disney’s espoused values align with its enacted values. The Disney Company focuses on the customer and their experiences and even created a new term called â€Å"guestology† (Innovation value). The term applies to the importance Disney puts on understanding their customers. Disney measures the amount of time a customer has to wait, the number of acceptable drops on the ride Tower of Terror† and what prices guests are willing to pay before becoming unhappy (Quality, Every product telling a story and Optimism values) (Ford and Heaton, 2001). According to Ford and Heaton, the organizational culture of The Disney Company guides and directs employees on how to handle situations using honor and respect that may not appear during formal training (Optimism value). Disney cast members (employees) are empowered to make decisions or perform reasonable actions to satisfy guests (Decency value). According to Michael Griffin, Vice President of communications for Walt Disney World, when it comes to communication, Disney disseminates in writing the same information to cast members as it does to the general public. When it comes to information not in writing, team leaders are informed and they in turn verbally inform their members. According to Griffin, the company does everything to protect the brand (Elsasser, 2009). As the Walt Disney Company grew through the innovative efforts of artists and technology, the Company maintains its philosophy of creating with the vivid imagination of a child. As the company grew to international status through movies, amusement parks and Broadway productions, the company continues to maintain its dedication to providing innovative, quality entertainment for all members of the family. The Disney Company communicates its corporate values which are infused in the organizational culture, instilled in employee training and acted upon with honor and respect to the customer.

Indigenous Tradition Essay

In the past people have mistaken about their tradition Indigenous originality or occurring naturally (country, region etc) To be indigenous kinship (relation to one another) and location(connection of particular place) Indigenous religion beliefs, experience and practices concerning non-falsifiable realities of people who have kinship and location Syncretism: Syncretism merging of elements from different religions. Eg : north American tradition have been influenced by Christianity, some African rituals are influences by Islam. * Change occurs everywhere. * Traditions are less authentic (accurate) than thousands year ago Indigenous can be found anywhere: * Anishinaubae: drumming ceremony in Toronto * Yoruba: Funeral rites in London * Maori: Purification ritual in opera house Sydney Australia Misconceptions * Common to Indigenous traditions is colonialism * Oglala (Indigenous community) –> a theorist explained them as â€Å"warriors without weapons basically they were incapable to adapting a new economy lifestyle they focused on how to make them â€Å"modern Indians† * Outsider lack insider knowledge. * Scholars often used terms such as fetish, myth, mana, taboo to explain Indigenous traditions. * Eg â€Å" Indigenous stories are called myth where the bible is considered to be true. Primitive Cultures that are unchanged from the beginning primitive Christians, who believed in god and their tradition, had superiority and began to spread their religion to who didn’t know about gospel Indigenous traditions are tend to think more primitive — Due to non-literate * But writing to not better than oral speaking * Mayan did use writing * Most Indigenous people are very literate. Indigenous tradition are tend to think more primitive – consider everything to be sacred (untrue) * Eg : Navajo : ceremony that transforms normal house into a scared place. So everything such as eating, sleeping is considered to be sacred. * Australian aborigine knows where to pray(know the difference between sacred and non sacred mountains) Primitive term is now disagreeing by many scoloars Mohawk and Cree (Dr Clare Brant) Mohawk: Indigenous traditions who give more food to their guest to show their wealth. Cree: Indigenous tradition who eat all the food offered to show scarcity. These two traditions did not go well together and this shows that Indigenous traditions are different from each other. Another point is that we see other cultures according to our own cultures. Gender roles: * Male: hunting and warfare * Female: healing and food preparation * Maori carvers were men and weavers were women. Bunu men frow cotton and women turn it into clothes. * Sometimes the roles switch just like other traditions * Usually religions practices are different for men and woman too. Power of speech Oral speaking is very imp for Indigenous traditions things are passed down oraly. Many people think oral primitive (untrue). Both Quran and Bible was passed down orally before written into text Stories : After life : * Kewa: a man finds a tunnel where his dead people wre living together and they gave them many things and asks him not to speak of it. When he goes and tell everyone about the tunnel, he breaks the promise and when he returns the tunnel is gone. * Anishinaubae : young man fiance died, and he go on a journey to find her and when he found her , he returns home heartbroken, keeping his promise. * These stories tell us about importance of relationships tell us about how we should live than about dying Writing stores often â€Å"fixed in time†. Trickster: * Considered as â€Å"culture heroes† because they are the central figures in many stores * Usually shape shift usually into animals * Can change genders sometime biological and sometime just clothes changing * Outer form is reflected into infidelity * They can appear as fools, selfish, kind, scandalous etc. * Usually driven by self interest alone * Trickster stores show us how we should behave and how we should not * The stories often explain the origins of world and connect to a community more deeply. * Embodies the extremes of humanity: human weakness and strength Practice (rituals). Indigenous tradition rituals are very similar to our traditions * Rituals remind us on what is imp in our life. * In religious terms, rituals, communicate some ways with gods, ancestor and spirits. * Rituals are roots in the human needs and relationship Rituals : * Every rituals varies * Usually involves food Muslim and Jews have specific food eating habits * Many Buddhist set food portions aside for ancestors * Anishinaubae put small amount of food for the spirits * Some rituals are more complicated * Such as marriage, death, birth * Sometimes these rituals mark transformation and sometimes they help to bring the transformation about. * Indigenous tradition rituals serve in some ways to recreate some aspects of the world, order and life Journey: * Going on a journey/quest: rites of passage * Journey to a new place is where a transformation occurs. * The person returns home with physical change, such as tattoo, scar or a body part to symbolize their new self. * Pondos: moved into a special hut to become sacred healers- if they go into town before they must be covered in white * White usually symbolize the color of transformation in Africa * Anishinaubae vision quest – yong man travels far away from home only with water and be completely alone. Then late he become a â€Å"adult man† and comes home with food and the ritual is complete . Sacrifice Mel Gibson: sacrifices in Indigenous traditions are vey common Bear sacrifice: raise a young cub, and raise it for two day and kill it. Head is emptied and filled with flowers and then the animal is cooked and eaten. They think that the bear is the gold’s spirit and they see it as freeing the spirit. Sun dance : dance till days and community provide support. Some sun dance involves sacrifice . the pole and lodge are buil to show the creation of the world Nuer : sacrifice ox for healing. Xhosa : when a woman fall ill the community gathers and kill a cow and do many rituals. This is due their thinking that the ancestor or spirit is angry with the women. * above rituals shows the involvement of community even though there is sacrifice involved. * The rituals ultimately brings people together * Sacrifice like rituals create order and meaning * Those rituals join people to the past and respond to current situation Cultural Expression What you see is not always what you get Art in Indigenous traditions is aout relationship objects are coonected to people Weaving : * Intertwine and connect * Weavers work together , helping one another , passing knowledge. * Shows bonds among people Maori Tradition : * All weavers are female * A girl is said all about weaving more said more discouraged if people saw true commitment then they let the girl into whare pora(caretakers of the weaving) * Whare pora have rules no sex before dying, no food allowed during weaving, special garment should be weaved during the day and not strangets can view the weaving * Traditional colors : black, red and white * Sacred thread is sewed on all garments to show the bond Underlying cloth : * Clothing declare who we are and how we fit into social fabric * Has two side : can hide much as it reveals and help us create a public face * Lady gaga : he masks and clothes hide part of her but also reveals her identity that she wishes to show * Special clothes are associated with imp rituals * Bunu : believes that the special clothes are kind of womb, enveloping the body as like a fetus is being born. Clothing only wears it does not die old cloth is replaces by new, as old spirits is reborn Spirit basket : * Oldest arts * In pomo community men makes the heavy basket for hunting and fishing * Women were responsible for religious baskets. * Mable mckey : was a traditional healer in pomo community and famous basket weaver in the world. Masks : * Masks are used in imp rituals wedding , funerals, hunting celebration etc * Masks are ment to ring spirit into the community lesser deities (gods) * Mask represent certain animals does not mean they worship the animal * Epa mask in Yoruba community extremely heavy show the strength require to dance with the mask and enter the adult hood with responsibility. * Carvers are usualy male Totem poles : * Very specific to each communities * Function of totem poles also varies in each tradition. * Meaning varies serve as a supporting structure or grave makers and other as a symbol for power * Most also tell stories such as historical, achievements and religious * Grizzly bear at the base holding a human represents self-preservation or survival. Moko * Maori carvings are less likely to be displayed outside the original physical context * Moko tattoos * In the beginning the women were only allowed tattoos around their lips and chin where men can have tattoos all over their face * Moko story remind the Maori people their ancestor and importance of meeting ones obligation and treating one another with respect Ancestoral House. * Marae Maori religious and social home. Site of wedding , funeral, celebration. * Authority is held by community elders where they use the space to pass n traditions, stories and arts, carving, weaving. * If the artist when wrong painting the place, they could be put to death. * Location is very imp it must be located in a place where the previous generation carried out the religious and social activities. * Whare Whakairo physical form which represents the body of the ancestor * The building is divided into body parts of the ancestor Three points and Shrine : * Some traditions are very plain, harder for an outsider to see * Three issues : * Most rituals are performed outside * Think bout the function of religious structures that are used in the rituals * What you see is not often what you get * Mbari shrine : represents the founder of the community, a great healer and was forced to flee because they were attacked by another community. Elder stands her to protects the shrine all the time. * The guard signify the change modern development Hogans * Navajo Hogan traditional living space as well as the site for many rituals. * It is the site for daily activities and some are religious and some are not * Before new Hogan is occupied a song is performed. * Known as Blessing way ceremony four divining earth, mountain woman, water woman, corn woman also the song speaks everyday things * According to them world is structure – Hogan All these things symbolizes: * Link btw past and present * Btw community and place * Btw our world and world of spirits Colonialism * Colonialism process where people from one place maintain a settlement in another and to the effects of people who were already there. * Changes include – subjugation or removal , new laws, social practices and new economy. * Power and profit are factors that drive colonialism. * Religion is also one of the reason Colombus : * He destroyed a community Arawaks * He wanted to tell him where the gold was people who gave him gold were left alive and people who didn’t were killed(by cutting hands) * Then he realized that the most valuable are the people, so he sent them back to Europe by the boat land. Genocides : * 20 million African were taken as slave and only 11 million returned * 96% od aboriginals were dead in Australia * factors of depopulation : military action, torture, starvation, suicide and slavery. * More aboriginals are killed when the Americans want more land Masters of continent : * As settler population growed the indigenous population reduced less friendly for land * Terra nullius no ones land was the phrase that European settlers used no owner ship primitive – they do not count as people Conversion : * Many converted to different religion due to colonialism * In Indonesia indigenous tradition is not recognized by lay so all are counted as muslim Loss of religion : * Europeans tried to convert them into chistianity rarely worked * Europeans used military strengeth and religion â€Å"our people is tronger because our god is stronger â€Å" * Missionaries. * Also sometimes the colonial government made the indigenous religion illegal * Eg : potlatch and sundance was made illegal –? Die to the felf harm and economic hardship is potlatch(poverty) * Colonialism lead to patriarchy The potlatch : * Feast that are hosted by a family and hosting family presents the guests with gifts * Demonstrate hospitality and redistributing wealth. Loss of language : * Colonialism language disappeared forever * 20 languages extinct * when communities died, the languages died with them * children’s were forbidden to speak their own languages â€Å"Stolen generation† Loss of Land: * Many religious and indigenous land were taken and was destroyed * Two problems that non-indigenous people had: * Very common belief, no specific belief and are mostly about practice * Religion such as Christians can pray anywhere but indigenous people had to pray at a specific site Identity : (the sympols of indeginous people in sports) * Cleveland Indians play at Atlanta braves : it’s a reminder of ongoing colonialism that has been taken from the indigenous people. * Indigenous oriented names : â€Å"eskimo pie† to market the products evoke a primitive stereotype that is best suited for the product *.

Class President Speech Essay

I thank you all for giving me a few minutes to speak to you about how I will help this school and all of you as a class president. I will make sure that all of us as :), will do fun activities together to make our class great. As the class president I will lead our class in a fun and united way. I will get us all working together and helping each other in both studies and other great things throughout the school year. I will also work on improving our class spirit. Some things I will improve and develop as a class president are: Healthier lunches- making our lunches healthier so that we stay fit (taking out our snack machines and putting in nutritious snack machines). Fashion and style- Having a few Fashion or â€Å"free,† days were students can leave their uniforms at home and wear whatever they want. Getting no more time for other activities such as gym and talent- gym more than once a week. Go on more trips- go to other places throughout SFO (museums, field days in city parks, and much more) and maybe one to a neighboring state. A class blog (for all our cool work) that we as a class can design and share with other classes, our friends and our families. These are only some of the great things we can do as a class. I am sure that everyone has great ideas and thoughts. As the class president I will make sure that all of your great thoughts and ideas are not considered. I will be a class president who will be full of energy and spirit; working together with students; guided by our teachers. Together, we can make 🙂 one of the best and fun classes around. Thank you once again for hearing me out – I promise you all I will do my best and won’t let this class down as the class president. Thank you.

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf Essay - 1

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf - Essay Example When observing the game of golf one has to wonder what preparation and strategy take place prior to one actually stepping onto the course to play. To the eye of an observer, golfers tend to appear to approach the sport with a calm aloofness and confidence. Even with this restrained countenance, there is certainly a set of masterful skills at work as well as preparation to take on a game that requires an inordinate amount of focus for success. Strategic preparation and pre-game warm up contribute to this confidence. Though the game of golf appears a relaxed and laid back sport it also in its own right can be intense, requiring great focus, physical endurance, and excellent visualization skills. So it is one must know what to do to prepare physically to garner this focus and perform at peak performance on the course while avoiding injury.Warming up prior to a game of golf not only enhances flexibility, it prevents injury and improves one's’ game. By warming up ones’ body otherwise tight muscles are stretched and lengthened decreasing the chance of pulling and straining while allowing for optimum performance during ones’ swing. In today’s society, golfers range in ages from teens up to seniors. Certainly, as we age our flexibility decreases and our bone structure changes creating greater challenges physically. Age does not necessarily have to be a detriment to one’s game. It is the approach and preparation that must change. One must treat the body as a finely tuned instrument.

India Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

India Inflation - Essay Example High rates of inflation can have serious consequences for the economy in general. Therefore, for governments all over the world, reducing movements of prices to a minimum is seen as a primary economic objective. A wide variety of economic literature deals with the effects of inflation. The most widely discussed outcome of inflation is unemployment. In price-sensitive markets, rising prices result in businesses losing sales and thus reduced turnover. This ultimately affects employment as the firms engage in cutting manpower labor to reduce costs. Additionally rising prices during inflation create unrest amongst labor. Inflation encourages employees to demand higher wages in order to maintain their current living standards. The worst hit during inflation is the fixed income groups like pensioners. An increase in wages during inflation can fuel an additional increase in product prices. This results in a vicious circle of increased wages further increasing prices which in turn would push up the wages again. In economic terms, this 'wage/prices inflationary spiral' can have disastrous effects on any economy. (Worthington & Britton, 1997) Depreciation in the monetary value results in falling purchasing power and wipes out the past savings.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING - Essay Example International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are touchstones, explanations and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements of corporations. The objectives of financial reporting can be bifurcated into General Objectives, Derived Company Objectives, Derived External User Objectives and Specific Objectives. The general objectives of any financial reporting is to provide the present and possible capitalists, creditors and other users with information which may be useful for them to make lucid investment, credit, and comparable decisions. Derived external user objective provides useful information so that potential investors can calculate the amount and time to make their investment. Through the financial statements the investors, creditors and others can assess the future net cash inflows to the company. The specific objectives are to provide the company about its cash flows, its complete income and the various components of such income and also the company’s economic resources, obligations, and owners’ equity (Nikolai Bazley Jones, 2009). Even though a printed annual report contains data about programs, new products, proposed capital expending etc., this is normally showed in such a way that it is certainly assorted from the regular financial statements (Mautz and Sharaf, 1961, 170-171). The amount of information which has to be presented should help the users to take decisions and form opinions (Flint, 1982, 15). Apparently too much or too little detail may be detrimental (Mautz and Sharaf, 1961, 170). Flint (1982, 15) states that basic queries in financial reporting are †from which users ´ standpoint have the accounts to be considered† and what degree of agreement is to be accepted on the part of those who have to figure notions and take decisions. The IASB framework keys out the fundamental concept based on

Euthanasia is Morally Incorrect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Euthanasia is Morally Incorrect - Essay Example It is morally incorrect because it allows one human to take away the life of another; an act that should be frowned upon (Narbekovas & Meilius 2004, p.2). All human beings have to die a natural death and there should be no excuse to take the life of an individual to alleviate pain and suffering because, in the modern world, strong painkillers have been developed to ensure that pain is significantly reduced among patients. However, putting euthanasia into practice presents a moral dilemma for those medical practitioners who preside over it because it is a contravention of the Hippocratic Oath, which they take as a guarantee that they will be dedicated to preserving human life. Therefore, while the advocates for euthanasia state that it helps to end suffering, it is also a violation of the basic principles of life that have sustained societies for ages. In this paper, there will be a discussion of the ramifications of euthanasia on the society, the principles that make it a moral issue, as well as its impact on the individuals who take part in it. The discussion will be based on recent years, where euthanasia has been conducted as a means of removing the financial burden from medical expenses from families. In addition, in some cases, it has been done in direct violation of the wishes of patients and this has made euthanasia something akin to murder rather than as a means of ending the suffering of patients. Euthanasia is an act that is immoral because it goes against all the principles of life as dictated by religion; where the right to take away life belongs only to God rather than to human beings. Moreover, when euthanasia is conducted, there is often a failure to consider the emotional toll that it might take on the families of the patients because not only  might they feel guilty and be full of regret for allowing it to happ en, but it might lead to some of them falling into depression.

Is Parliamentary Sovereignty a Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Parliamentary Sovereignty a Myth - Essay Example But in those days it resided unsteadily up on the monarch. 17th century witnessed a drastic change as the parliament encroach the authority of the monarch. Religious disparities added the intensity of the dispute and the final result was the civil war. But there were persons who had the opinion that sovereignty is not vested in the parliament alone. For example, Thomas Hobbes opined that sovereignty is not vested in parliament but in the monarch. He advocates that as the monarch offered security to his subjects through his laws they obeyed him obedience. In his own words, â€Å"life is solitary poor nasty brutish and short† so the protection and stability which a strong monarchy provided was a real advantage† (The Individual and the State, n. d.). Later parliament gathered strength in the 18th century and sovereignty shifted from monarch to parliament both in theory and practice. Sovereignty is the dominant feature of a political institution. Regarding Great Britain, par liamentary sovereignty is considered as the most fundamental element of its constitution. It is the key stone of the law of its constitution. The parliament is so powerful that it can enact or repeal any law and the courts have no authority to judge statutes invalid for violating either moral or legal principles of any kind. As a result of it there are no fundamental constitutional laws that the parliament is unable to alter. When discussing the parliamentary sovereignty, there arises a dispute concerning the law of the country. As a nation has both common law and statute law, the relation between the two has always been a subject of debate. The legislative law has got a supremacy over the common law sometimes to an extent the statute law can legitimately be governed by the common law principles. However, the statute law is superior to the common law as there is the mainstream notion that the parliament can endorse statutes that supersede any part of the

The Significance and Impact of the Olympic Games Essay

The Significance and Impact of the Olympic Games - Essay Example which were core elements of Greek military training (Wilson, 2000). The games were considered of such importance that thousands of people would turn up to see the games even when there is war like situation in the region. During such sporting events, all concerned were bound by the Olympic spirit and allowed competitors to travel safely to the venue of the games. This spirit has continued over the years. The ancient games continued till about 393 BC when they were banned, but the sporting spirit once again made sure that another edition of the games began in late 19th Century AD. The history of modern Olympic movement can be traced back to 1896 when the first Olympic Games of the modern era were held in Athens. The recently held Beijing Olympic games is still fresh in the memory of all of us for the spectacular show put forth by the Chinese organisers and the intense competition that took place within the sporting arena. The Olympic Charter states1, "Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles." This in essence sums up the spirit behind the Olympic movement. The Olympic Charter, established by Pierre ... rimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play." The Olympic charter helps in governing the organisation and running of the Olympic movement and sets the requisite terms and conditions for hosting the games. The games are therefore organised with such a spirit that irrespective of the nationality of winners and losers, the games leave such an imprint on all the competitors that they forget all their competitive rivalry and make room for the sportsmanship. London won the hosting rights for the 2012 Olympic Games after a comprehensive and prolonged procedure followed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in line with the Olympic Charter (Chapter 5, Rule 34 and its bye-law - page 70). This procedure basically comprises of two phases; Phase 1: Applicant Cities - under this phase the applicant cities are asked to respond to a detailed questionnaire, which are then evaluated by the IOC to finalise the candidate cities eligible to compete in the second phase. Phase 2: Candidate Cities - under this phase the candidate cities are asked to come out with a candidature file detailing their plans, following the instructions given by the IOC. Each file is then analysed by the IOC Evaluation Commission and a final report is prepared with a list of cities ready for being voted as the chosen one. The summer Olympic Programs are supposed to contain a minimum of fifteen events decided by the IOC. Except in cases of unforeseen circumstances3, 'the Program of sports and disciplines is finalized seven years before each Olympic Games, and the Program of events is finalized four years before the Games'. London has also undergone through a lengthy procedure and finally on 6th July 2005, the

Explain the role that formal and informal groups play in organizations Essay

Explain the role that formal and informal groups play in organizations - Essay Example A work group comprises of two or more employees working with each other and depending on each other in the decision-making process. There is no collective effort. Each group member has his own capabilities and performance level and every member contributes in the decision-making so that all members excel in their relevant areas of performance. A work team makes collective effort and the end result is more productive than all efforts combined. This advantage is what many organizations are striving for by implementing work teams despite the fact that team management costs much. That is why during a candidate’s selection process, it is considered whether the individual is able to work in teams or not. A formal group when managed by a manager or a supervisor brings out high level of productivity because the level of professionalism is high. An informal group enhances this productivity through the bondage of friendship and interpersonal association between the employees (Martin & F ellens, 2010, p.252). Thus, work teams and work groups tend to be very effective for the contemporary business in the long run, if managed properly.

Consistent Philosophy of Life Essay Example for Free

Consistent Philosophy of Life Essay Abstract This paper focuses John Allison’s management style, what he finds to be the essential characteristics of a leader, and how he employs ethics and principles in this everyday life, in business, and as an educational leader. He is the former CEO of BBT and current leader of the CATO Institute. There is little distinction between Allison’s â€Å"leadership style† and his philosophy. His philosophy can be directly applied to any situation, challenge, or circumstance. Allison is purpose driven and mission oriented, and he applies a set of ten principles to achieve his mission. This paper will also look at how Allison defines a vision, mission, values and principles. Each of the ten principles are examined, and finally, the paper will look at some of the detractors of Allison’s philosophy. John Allison, Consistent Philosophy of Life, Effective Manager of Business, and Important Contributor to Society. John Allison lives by a clear philosophy that permeates every aspect of his life. He built a multi-billion dollar bank (BBT) on it, and managed to stay away from toxic investments that led to the downfall of many banks because of it. He is now taking this highly moral, completely integrated, and fully comprehensive philosophy to the rest of society by donating time and money to universities by explaining the morality of capitalism and rational thought. Most recently, he was appointed to lead the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think-tank. An effective manager instills purpose in themselves and their employees and lives by a set of values or principles that manifests purpose into reality. The purpose needs to be clear and the principles must be interconnected and consistent. Failure on one principle is failure on all principles; and thus, the vision, mission, and goals of an organization are jeopardized. This concept is consistent with six competencies detailed in Hellriegel, Jacosn, and Slocum’s text book, Managing, A Competency-Based Approach. For example, an organization determines that it must outsource a piece of their production (Strategic Action). Therefore, executive management must effectively work with operations professionals (Teamwork), who must develop and action plan (Planning Administration) and Communicate that plan to line managers. It is imperative that executive management carefully considered the cultural drivers of the country that they are entering (Multi-Cultural). Finally, whether this strategy is effective hinges upon whether all levels of employees have good Self-Management skills. Failure on any part of these competencies will lead to failure on the whole. Hellreigel’s six competencies pass John Allison’s integration test; however, John’s principles remove the organizational lens of the six competencies to make them more basic and universal. This paper looks at John Allison’s management style and how it is driven by his vision, mission, and principles. Success with these principles will lead to the success of the six competencies. Finally, this paper will spend some time with the detractors and misunderstandings of John’s philosophy. John Allison’s Management Style It is impossible to explain John Allison’s management style without getting into the details of his basic philosophy first. The Richard Craver of the Winston-Salem Journal interviewed Allison in July 2010, and he noted that, â€Å"the key lesson of Allisons success is that if you get the basics right, the details will follow, and you will run your business right. If you get the basics wrong, youll eventually make a fatal mistake in the details† (Craver 2011). Allison’s basics are a purpose driven life and organization that is achieved through principles. This philosophy is detailed in a 30 page employee handbook that all employees are expected to understand and has remained consistent at BBT for over 20 years. As a result, â€Å"[BBT] attracts employees who agree, and repels employees who disagree. After a quarter century, they have established a culture of great coherency, and in business, that is a great power† (Craver 2011). From a bigger picture perspe ctive, John Allison’s management style is utilitarian in its approach; however, this implies that BBT’s goal is to simply be profitable. However, profitability is a means to the overall vision of BBT, which is to make the world a better place to live in (Allison 2011). Allison explained in a lecture at Wake Forrest University that money is not the end game; instead profits are the means of the overall goal (Allison 2011). The utilitarian methodical approach may be considered amoral, at best; however, it becomes highly moral in the context of a moral vision and purpose. At the individual level, BBT does not simply manage employees, instead, they develop leaders. Allison explained that â€Å"Most business failures are due to leadership failures; most of those are the result of personal leadership failures† (Allison 2011). Therefore, each employee is not just given a handbook of BBT’s vision, mission and values, but they also attend a presentation given by Allison himself. In this presentation, Allison explains that there are two fundamental aspects to leadership. First, leaders must create a sense of purpose in themselves and their employees. Purpose creates passion. Second, leaders must live principles that turn purpose into reality (Allison 2011). Living these principles motivates average performers to perform at an above average level and prevents the Great from becoming average. Allison’s Clear philosophy: Allison’s philosophy can be summarized by a general vision that is manifested by a mission statement. The vision is â€Å"To make the world a place that you want to live in† (Allison 2011). The mission is to apply principles that improve the odds of staying alive, becoming successful, and ultimately being happy. The ten principles are further defined herein and are universally applied to individual and organizational missions. Allison’s personal vision and mission parallels BBT’s vision and mission statement, which is â€Å"To make the world a better place by: Helping our clients achieve economic success and financial security; creating a place where our employees can learn, grow and be fulfilled; making the communities in which we work better places to be; and thereby, optimizing the long-term return to our shareholders, while providing a safe and sound investment† (Handbook 5). With the Vision and Mission clearly defined, Allison’s ten prin ciples are: Principle 1 – Reality The reality principle is an Aristotelian concept that A=A. In an interview with New York Times, Allison said that, â€Å"Wishing something is so does not make it so† (Martin 2009). Although this concept seems very simple, there are plenty of examples in history where individuals, governments and businesses evaded reality. Allison projected that, â€Å"I guarantee that long before the rest of us knew, those geniuses at Lehman Brothers, knew that something was wrong, but they evaded it† (Martin 2009). Reality is independent of authority. For example, the ratings agencies had a level of authority in the market place; however, the ratings agencies evaded the reality that subprime lending was unsustainable. BBT avoided the subprime market by not evading reality and being responsible for evaluating authority and determining what was true (Allison 2011). Reality is also independent of popularity. For example Galileo bucked the popular idea that the earth revolved around the su n. Principle 2 – Reason / Objectivity Allison contends that mankind’s competitive advantage is that humans have the ability to think and develop concept formation. Allison avoids religion; however, this concept is not in conflict with a Christian’s perspective with some distinction. God created man in the image of God. Therefore, to reason is to approach God and to fulfill His intention for mankind. Allison applies Aristotle’s model of thought. First, base premises on facts; second, use inductive and deductive reasoning; third, integrate conclusions that are not contradictory; and forth, use conclusion to reach a higher level of thought (start the cycle again). Deductive reasoning is the concrete application of a general principle. Inductive reasoning is the taking a general principle and applying it to a specific application. BBT has been a highly strategic organization, which requires objective thought and facing reality. In the late 1980’s, laws were about to change that would allow banks t o enter other states. Realizing that North Carolina would soon be flooded with competition from larger banks, he began a series of intra-state acquisitions prior to the changing of the laws. This allowed them a head start on the out-of-state competition while giving BBT the experience to perfect the merger process well before the larger consolidation of the industry. Allison recognized the reality, used inductive and deductive reasoning to conclude that they would need to get bigger, be purchased, or struggle as a result of the changes in the law, and then was able to move on with a new premise of how to become bigger. Despite the popular opinion that BBT was paying too much for some of its acquisitions, the strategy paid off. BBT defended its role as acquirer of choice, and stressed the strategic nature of its acquisitions. It had developed a reputation as one of the most successful integrators of acquired banks in the industry. Darn few have been able to get away with a consolidation strategy, but one of the best is BBT, an SNL Securities analyst told the Business Journal Serving Charlotte and the Metropolitan Area (BBT.com). Allison also uses reason to implement a method of philanthropic activities in order to be more effective based on BBT’s core strengths. Allison explained in Philanthropic Magazine that, â€Å"The money that was being spent wasn’t going to promote the well-being of our company or our country. We needed to focus our contributions on something that will matter, and we think that presenting the concepts that undergird capitalism is essential for both BBT’s well-being and the well-being of the society in which we live† (Sparks 2011). Principle 3 – Individual Allison contends that all thought happens at the individual level. â€Å"Our brains are not physically connected† (Allison 2011). Teamwork is important principle, but new ideas are generated by the individual. A team can improve the idea or even give some the inspiration to develop a new idea, but the thought came from one’s mind. This principle also means that the individual is responsible for themself. â€Å"A manager cannot be responsible for their employees,† Allison explained in his lecture. A manager, parent, or leader can only guide people, but the individual must make choices and affix attitudes for herself/himself. Understanding this concept is very liberating not only for the individual employee, but also for the organization. At the employee level, ownership of their own role gives them a sense of importance. At the organizational level, businesses benefit by having limitless ideas that bubble up to management. In Craver’s interview with Allison, he noted that, â€Å"The decision not to write mortgage loans of the type that are now called toxic was made by a fairly low-level executive without even consulting Allison† (Craver 2011). Allison continues the concept of liberating the individual by saying, â€Å"Man has rational capacity, and a capitalist system allows him the greatest individual freedom to exercise that capacity for creativity and innovation—and to be rewarded accordingly. It is, in a very deep sense, a just system† (Sparks 2011). Principle 4 – Productivity Productivity is a measurable at the organizational level though output and profitability. A profitable business is a good thing. More fundamentally, productivity is the â€Å"gut-level commitment to get the job done† (Allison 2011). From a Christian’s perspective, production and productivity is a very spiritual concept; the idea that something tangible was formed from the intangible. This is especially spiritual when the idea was inspired through prayer and worship. There is a parallel between with the most miraculous event in history, when the spirit became flesh, and when someone’s idea becomes reality. The root word for sacrifice is â€Å"to approach† (Wigoder 873); therefore, when a person creates, she is performing a kind of sacrifice; not in the sense that something is given up, but instead, both the tangible world and the spiritual world are in agreement; â€Å"On earth as it is in heaven.† Allison’s professional trajectory certainly is one of productivity. He started at BBT, once known as the Branch Banking and Trust Company, in 1971 and became chief executive in 1989, when the bank had $4.7 billion in assets. By the time he retired as C.E.O. in December, he had overseen 60 bank and savings-institution acquisitions and turned BBT into the 11th-largest bank in the nation, with $152 billion in assets, according to the bank (Martin 2009). Allison commented on BBT’s Sterling Award winners (internal awards based on productivity). He noted that the same people won 25% of these awards, and that they all shared a commonality. All of them discussed what they were doing, and were not stuck on the obstacles. There is a basic belief in their ability to achieve (Allison 2011). Principle 5 – Honesty Without honesty, nothing else works, whether that is capitalism, a church, a business, or a government. Marilyn Fedak is a retired Investment Manager that works with John Allison on making the case for the free market at the university level. In a joint conference with Allison, she refers to the importance of honesty, At its best, the free market produces a â€Å"virtuous cycle,† but it has to be rooted in trust and the rule of law. Trust and predictability are everything. Capitalism is based upon the idea that, implicitly or explicitly, you’re making contracts with people all day long, and if you can’t trust that the laws in place will prevail and that the other person is going to fulfill their side of the bargain, well, then no transactions are going to take place. (Sparks 2011) Allison explains that being honest 100% of the time is a true test of integrity. For example, â€Å"You can be wrong and be honest. We are not omniscient.† Therefore, â€Å"We must mean what we say and know what we mean† (Allison 2011). This phrase encompasses two concepts. One, cumulative white lies lead to a black lie. For example, some managers are less than honest on performance reviews by sugarcoating or enabling underperformance. Then, the manager reaches a breaking point, or the poor performance leads to major mistake. The employee never gets the chance to correct their actions due to their manager not being honest. On the other hand, the manager may be wrong in his/her premise that the employee is the problem. The real problem may be a poorly designed system, which could have been addressed during the performance review. The concept of cumulative white lies is also evident in personal relationships. Allison gives an example of a married couple, â€Å"the husband gets mad at the wife for not hearing what he didn’t say† (Allison 2011). Two, it is up to the individual to take responsibility for their claim to knowledge. â€Å"Sometimes the best answer is, ‘I don’t know’† (Allison 2011). Principle 6 – Integrity Integrity is defined as the consistent application of moral principles. David Leoper is the CEO of Wealthcare Capital Management. He also subscribes to Allison’s objectivist philosophy. Leoper references Ayn Rand’s description of morality as the, â€Å"Judgment to distinguish right and wrong, vision to see the truth, courage to act upon it, dedication to that which is good, and integrity to stand by it at any price† (Geracoiti 2011). By this definition, integrity is akin to faith. One may not immediately understand the consequences of breaking a moral principle, but she or has faith that such actions will have an eventual consequence. A key example of Allison’s integrity was after the Supreme Court’s infamous Kelo decision. BBT was the only major bank not to provide financing for projects that used land seized through eminent domain for private purposes. â€Å"We thought that was a violation of a principle that is necessary for a free society,† Allison says. The bank’s decision, â€Å"turned out to be great economics, which doesn’t surprise me at all† (Sparks 2011). Later in 2011, Don Luskin moderated a conference with John Mackey of Wholefoods and John Allison. Mackey was highly criticized for his public stance against Obamacare and was nearly thrown out of his own organization. Mackey’s conclusion was that he will think again before making political comments. Allison, however, disagreed and explained, I’m a person that believes very strongly in my principles, and I can’t sacrifice them in my business, regardless of the consequences in the short-term. We took a strong position on eminent domain, after the Kelo decision. I couldn’t tell my customers and employees that we have principles, but in this case we’d turn a blind eye to people’s property being expropriated to be given to other private people. In our case, it was successful. We got thousands of people moving their accounts to BBT because of our position on eminent domain, because we acted on principle. That’s the same reason we refused to write loans to people who couldn’t afford them. I did it because I never want to have to tell someone that I did something that I thought was morally wrong. (Vegter 2011) Allison took a visible stance against the federal government once again in 2008 when he submitted a 14-point letter to Congress in which he objected to the bailout of the financial-services industry out of concern that it will hurt, â€Å"well-run financial institutions such as BBT (Craver 2011). His integrity was questioned when BBT accepted TARP monies shortly after the closed-door session with the nation’s political leaders. Shortly thereafter, Allison stepped down as the CEO so that he could start his education campaign. His work at the university level and at the CATO Institute is an effort to stop governmental force being exerted against independent businesses again. Principle 7 – Justice / Fairness According to Allison, â€Å"The good news is that we are all unique individuals† (Allison 2011). Managers that make the average above average and to keep the great from becoming average instill justice in the workplace. Allison believes that, â€Å"Egalitarianism is one of the most destructive ideas in our society† (Allison 2011). Managing equal outcomes not unequal input is truly unjust. Since individuals are not the same in their talents and abilities, a manager’s key function is to evaluate and judge others. This is a difficult function; therefore, Allison prescribes a three point method for judging others in order to stay fair. The person needs to be judged (1) as an individual, based on (2) the personal merits and based on (3) what matters in that specific circumstance. Therefore, â€Å"We reject collectivism and how they judge, which is based on their memberships groups, such as race, sex, nationalism, etc. [Collectivists] are always wrong because they are making an individual decision based on a group observation. An Individual cannot be a group† (Allison 2011). Principle 8 – Pride Aristotle described pride as the ultimate virtue because in order to have pride, all other virtues (justice, honesty, integrity, and rational independent thought) needed to be mastered. The pride described here is not arrogance or hubris, but instead, it is the reward to do good deeds and the reward for having done good deeds. Allison describes this as the â€Å"psychological rewards;† However, the rewards for Christianity are much more profound. The apostle Paul speaks of a healthy pride that one should have in oneself and others (2 Cor 5:12; 7:4; 8:24; Gal 6:4). Christianthinktank.com quoted the Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament that â€Å"Even Lexicons based on semantic domains have entries for ‘pride (legitimate)† (Chistianthinktank.com 2012). Allison equates pride with strong ethics. In a defiance allusion to Warren Buffet’s quote about ethics, Allison says, â€Å"The next time you face an ethical decision, ask yourself if you would be willing to tell the people that you love, care about, and judge to be of high-esteem the decision you made, not the newspaper.† Principle 9 – Self-Esteem / Self-Motivation Allison believes that this principle is the foundation of happiness. In his lecture, he states that, â€Å"You must believe at a very deep level that you are capable of being good and that you have the moral right to be happy.† He explained that this is, â€Å"The most important and controversial thought that I have to share with you today† (Allison 2011). On several occasions, Allison has made reference to the â€Å"sandbox example.† It is a story about a boy named Johnny that is playing with his toy truck in the sandbox. Fred then comes and takes Johnny’s toy truck because he wants to play with it. A fight then ensues, and Johnny’s mother comes over and says, â€Å"Johnny, be a good boy and share with Fred.† Allison asks, â€Å"What message does that give to Fred? More importantly, what message does that give to Johnny?† (Allison 2011). The heart of self-esteem is that a person can only control his or herself, not others. Therefore, the individual can only be in charge of their attitudes and their work; and thus, must be focused on them. Egalitarians are focused on others, and as a result, are adverse to others for being great. This is envy, which is the ultimate immoral pastime. Allison explains that, â€Å"you may be able to fool your boss, but you will never fool you. Do your best, and self-esteem increases. Do less than your best and self-esteem decreases† (Allison 2011). The trader principle fits with any of the other ten principles, but it particularly fits with self-esteem and self-motivation. The trader principle simply means that because people are self-interested, only win-win relationships are sustainable over the long term. All other relationships are either a lose-lose or eventually a lose-lose. Free-market capitalism is a highly moral system because it incentivizes good behavior and provides for a system for people to interact with others in search for win-win relationships. Allison explains this concept as the new leader of the CATO Institute: One of the things that I really want to do is make this a moral fight instead of a fight around the technical aspects of economics. The libertarian vision is a moral vision and we own the moral high ground. A free society is the only society in which people can think for themselves and pursue their rational self-interest. Freedom creates the ability, through creativity and incentive, to raise the quality of life for everyone. When I was CEO of BBT we saw the opportunity, on many occasions, to create products and services that would improve the quality of life of our clients but some government regulation prevented us from doing it. Unfortunately most business leaders are not really capitalists. They are crony capitalists looking for some way to use the government to give them a special advantage. Cato is a defender of real capitalism, real free markets (Benko 2012). Principle 10 – Teamwork In a philosophy that is built on the individual and self-motivation, teamwork may be overlooked as a key principle. However, teamwork is essential in an organization and a society. Teamwork allows much more to be produced. Craver noted in his interview with Allison that, â€Å"What makes Allison unusual among leaders is that his philosophy is one of realism — not phony idealism. Its all about excellent individuals making personal contributions to a joint effort — for the purpose of making profits, not saving the whales. Allison candidly says, in effect, a team is made up of people, each of whom is an I. We insist that you be an individual, and that if you want to be on the team, you have to voluntarily buy into the mission we have all chosen to share (Craver 2011). Detractors of Objectivism Forbes dubbed John Allison as the â€Å"Philosopher King;† however his philosophy is not easily accepted by many. The first and most relevant critique is that God is absent from this philosophy. This paper has included some allusions to how objectivist principles can mesh with Christian ideals; however, the architects of this philosophy, namely Ayn Rand, were atheists. The incongruities of this philosophy and Christianity largely lie in the concept of natural order (mother-nature) and the belief in God that is not visible (faith). As explained above, Christians cross this intellectual divide by substituting â€Å"natural order† or â€Å"mother nature† with God. There are also some differences in the idea of selfishness and self-sacrifice. More research is needed to find intellectual bridges; however, some of these conflicts are semantic in nature. Nonetheless, there is a logical case for God, and Christians knows that God reveals rational thought, purpose, creati vity, motivation, and reason through prayer. There is some confusion between being selfishness and self-destructive. Detractors of objectivism and capitalism contend this it is a â€Å"dog-eat-dog† system that takes advantage of others. Allison argues that taking advantage of others is truly self-destructive, not selfish. If a business takes advantage of a customer, then the customer will alert the market-place; and thus, the business will be harmed. Businesses take advantage of others through the political process, but that is not capitalism, and as Allison said, is not congruent with his philosophy. Finally, detractors find Allison’s philosophy lacks emotion. Allison disagrees and says that emotions can be a good thing. â€Å"Passion is an emotion, and you need passion in life† (Allison 2011). Allison believes that emotions are learned, not magical. This certainly seems to be true with some emotions, such as phobias; however, to the Christian, emotions can be divine inspiration. Allison warns leaders to check their premises when their emotions are at odds with reason. He further advises to always go with reason over emotion. Christians would disagree, at least in part. A Christian may always go with reason over emotion, but only after prayer and meditation and when reason and emotion are in-line. Certainly, a Christian should go to God in prayer to check their premises and motives. Life becomes easier to live, organizations are easier to lead, and employees are easier to manage if one has a clear philosophy and set of principles. With this in mind, BBT’s senior management style is written in its literature as being as â€Å"participatory, team oriented, fact-based, and rational† (BBT History 111). They define management concepts as, â€Å"obtaining and retaining excellent people, training employees well, give employees the appropriate level of authority and responsibility, expect a high level of achievement, and reward performance accordingly† (BBT History 112). All of these definitions and concepts line-up with Allison’s core philosophy. BBT’s website explained that, â€Å"Allisons management style stressed decentralization, striving for a community banking feel at the branch level† (BBT.com). The individual, self-esteem, productivity, and teamwork principles are the driving principles for this decision. Moral Clarity leads to better decision making, longevity, success, and happiness. This is good for all the stakeholders involved in the organization. This paper will conclude with scripture that encapsulates the role between managers and employees and consistent with most of Allison’s principles. Ephesians 6:5-9 says: Ephesians 6:5-9 Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people, because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free. And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him. References Allison, John (7/21/11), â€Å"Principled Leadership† Lecture at Wake Forest University Schools of Business. http://vimeo.com/27183721 BBT (1998), â€Å"The BBT Philosophy† Mission and Values guidebook. BBT (2012), Our Account, History of BBT 10th edition 2012. Benko, Ralph (7/2/12), â€Å"Who Is JohnAllison? A Randian, Libertarian Business Icon Takes Over the Cato Instituteâ€Å" http://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphbenko/2012/07/02/who-is-john-allison-a-randian-libertarian-business-icon-takes-over-the-cato-institute Craver, Richard (7/10/11), â€Å"My Interview on John Allison – Today’s John Galt,† Winston-Salem Journal http://www.iamjohngalt.com/2011/07/my-interview-on-john-allison-todays.html Geracioti, David (Apr. 12, 2011), â€Å"Cold Call: Wealth Manager Operates Firm on Rand’s Objectivism† Wealthmanagement.com, http://wealthmanagement.com/institutions/cold-call-wealth-manager-operates-firm-rand-s-objectivism Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament : Based on semantic domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.) (Vol. 1, Page 310). New York: United Bible societies.] Hellriegel, D, S. E. Jackson and J. W. Slocum, Jr. Management: a Competency-Based Approach. (2008). Cincinnati: Cengage. ISBN 0 32 4421400 Martin, Andrew (8/1/09), â€Å"Give BBT Liberty, but Not a Bailout,† New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/02/business/02bbt.html?_r=0 Perman, Matt (4/29/30), â€Å"A Christian View of Management in Ephesians 6:5-9.† What’s Best Next http://www.whatsbestnext.com/2011/04/a-christian-view-of-management-in-ephesians-65-9/ Sparks, Evan (2011), â€Å"Intellectual Capital†, Philanthropy Magazine, http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/intellectual_capital The Holy Bible. NIV forwards Charles F. Stanley and Andy Stanley Side by side bible NIV KJV. 2011 Biblica, Inc. Wigoder, Geoffrey; Paul, Shalom M.; Viviano, O.P., Benedict T. Stern, Ephraim (1986) Illustrated Dictionary Concordance of the Bible. G.G. The Jerusalem Publisying House ltd. Zigarelli, Michael (2003), â€Å"The Priorities and Practices of Christian Leaders,† Regent Business Review, http://www.cbn.com/finance/rbrchristianleaders.aspx